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Using a VPN is a terrific way to protect your internet traffic when you're traveling, but it's not a solution for encrypting your local files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shooter's iPhone, they asked Apple to get a back door to get beyond the encryption. However, no such back door existed, and Apple refused to create one. The FBI needed to employ hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Since the moment a back door or comparable hack exists, it becomes a target, a prize for the bad guys. It will flow sooner or later. In a discussion at Black Hat last summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic disclosed the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update them, but the bad guys can't get in either. .

Each the products in this roundup explicitly state that they have no back door, and that is as it should be. It will mean that if you encrypt an essential document and then forget that the encryption password, then you have lost it for good.

Back in the day, if you wanted to keep a document secret you can use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you might lock it up in a safe. The two main approaches in encryption utilities parallel those options.

One type of product simply processes files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of these. The other creates a virtual disk that, when open, behaves like any other drive on your system. When you lock the virtual drive, each of the files that you put into it are completely inaccessible. .

Like the digital drive solution, a few products store your encrypted information in the cloud. This strategy requires extreme care, obviously. Encrypted information in the cloud has a much larger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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That is better It actually depends on how you plan on using encryption. If you are not sure, take advantage of the 30-day free trial offered by each of these products to have a feel for the different options.

Once you copy a file into secure storage, or create an encrypted version of it, then you definitely need to wipe the unencrypted original. Just deleting it isn't sufficient, even in the event that you skip the Recycle Bin, because the information still exists on disc, and data retrieval utilities can often return back. .

Some encryption products avoid this problem by encrypting the these details document in location, literally overwriting it on disc using an encrypted version. It is more common, however, to provide safe deletion as an option. If you select something that lacks this attribute, you ought to find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting information before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based retrieval tools. Hardware-based forensic recovery works because the magnetic recording of data on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It's more of a waveform. In simple terms, the process involves nulling out the known data and reading around the edges of what's left.

An encryption algorithm is similar to a black box. Dump a document, picture, or other file into it, and you get back what sounds like gibberish. Run that gibberish back through the box, with the same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has settled on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and all of the products gathered here service AES. Even those that support other algorithms tend to recommend using AES.

If you're an encryption specialist, you might want another algorithm, Blowfish, possibly, or the Soviet government's GOST. For the average consumer, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you must keep them confidential, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you get two keys. One is public; you can discuss it with anyone, register it in an integral exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you like. The other is personal, and should be carefully guarded. If I want to send you a key document, I simply encrypt it with your public key. straight from the source

Simple! .

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Using this program in reverse, you can create an electronic signature that shows that your document came from you and hasn't been altered. How Exactly To encrypt it with your private key. The simple fact your public key decrypts it's all the evidence you need. PKI support is less common than support for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to talk about a document with someone and your encryption tool doesn't support PKI, there are other options for sharing. Many products allow creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You may also find that the recipient can use a free, decryption-only tool.