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Using a VPN is a great way to shield your internet traffic when you are traveling, but it's not a solution for encrypting your regional files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shot's iPhone, they asked Apple for a back door to get beyond the encryption. But no such back door existed, and Apple refused to make one. The FBI needed to hire hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Because the moment a rear door or similar hack exists, it will become a target, a prize for the poor guys. It will flow sooner or later. In a discussion at Black Hat this past summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic revealed the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update thembut the poor guys can't get in either. .

Each of the products in this roundup explicitly state they have no back door, and that's as it should be. It will mean that in the event you encrypt an essential document and then forget the encryption password, then you've lost it for good.

Back in the day, if you wanted to keep a document key you can use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you might lock it up in a safe. The two main approaches in encryption utilities parallel these options.

One sort of product simply procedures files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of these. The other creates a virtual disc that, when open, acts like any other drive on your system. When you lock the virtual drive, all the files that you put into it's entirely inaccessible. .

Similar to the digital drive solution, some products save your encrypted information in the cloud. This approach requires extreme caution, obviously. Encrypted data in the cloud has a far larger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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That is better It actually depends on how you plan on using encryption. If you are not sure, take advantage of this 30-day free trial offered by each of those products to have a feel for the different options.

Once you copy a document into protected storage, or create an encrypted version of it, you definitely need to wipe the unencrypted original. Just deleting it isn't sufficient, even if you skip the Recycle Bin, because the data still exists on disc, and data retrieval utilities can often get it back. .

Some encryption products avoid this issue by encrypting the file in place, literally overwriting it on disk with an encrypted version. It's more common, however, to provide safe deletion as an option. If you select something that lacks this attribute, you ought to find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting information before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based recovery tools. Hardware-based forensic recovery works because the magnetic recording of data on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It is more of a waveform. In simple terms, the process involves nulling out the known information and reading around the edges of what is left.

An encryption algorithm is similar to a black box. Dump a document, picture, or other file into it, and you get back what seems like gibberish. Run that gibberish back via the box, using the same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has settled on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and every one of the products accumulated here support AES. Even the ones that support other calculations tend to recommend using AES.

If you're an encryption specialist, you may want another algorithm, Blowfish, perhaps, or the Soviet government's GOST. For the typical user, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you must keep them secret, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you receive two keys. One is public; you can discuss it with anyone, enroll it in a key exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you prefer. Another is private, and needs to be carefully guarded. If I want to send you a secret document, I just encrypt it with your public key.

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Using this system in reverse, you can make an electronic signature that Learn More shows that your document came from you and hasn't been modified. How Exactly To encrypt it with your private key. The simple fact your public key decrypts it is all the proof you need. PKI service is less common than service for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to share a file with someone and your encryption application doesn't support PKI, there are different options for sharing. Many products enable creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You could also find that the recipient can use a complimentary, decryption-only tool.