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Using a VPN is a great way to protect your internet traffic when you're traveling, but it's not a solution for encrypting your local files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shooter's iPhone, they asked Apple to get a rear door to get past the encryption. However, no such back door existed, and Apple refused to make one. The FBI had to hire hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Since the moment a rear door or similar hack exists, it will become a goal, a prize for the poor guys. It'll flow sooner or later. In a talk at Black Hat this past summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic disclosed that the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update thembut the bad guys can't get in either. .

Each of the products in this roundup explicitly state they have no back door, and that's as it ought to be. It does mean that if you encrypt an essential document and then forget that the encryption password, you've lost it for good.

Back in the day, if you wanted to maintain a document key you could use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you might lock it up in a safe. The two main methods in encryption utilities parallel with these options.

One sort of product simply processes files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of these. The other creates a virtual disc that, when open, behaves like any other drive on your system. When you lock the virtual drive, all the documents you put into it's entirely inaccessible. .

Like the digital drive solution, a few goods store your encrypted information in the cloud. This approach requires extreme care, obviously. Encrypted information in the cloud has a far bigger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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That is better It actually depends on how you plan on using encryption. If you're not sure, take advantage of the 30-day free trial offered by each of those products to get a feel for the different options.

After you copy a file into secure storage, or create an encrypted version of it, then you absolutely need to wipe out the unencrypted original. Simply deleting it isn't sufficient, even if you bypass the Recycle Bin, because the information still exists on disc, and data retrieval utilities can often return back. .

Some encryption products prevent this problem by encrypting the file in place, literally overwriting it on disc with an encrypted version. It is more common, though, to provide secure deletion as an option. If you select a product that lacks this feature, you ought to find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting data before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based recovery tools. Hardware-based forensic retrieval functions because the magnetic recording of data on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It's more of a waveform. In simple terms, the procedure involves nulling out the known data and reading around the borders of what is left.

An encryption algorithm is like a black box. Dump a document, picture, or other file into it, and you get back what seems like gibberish. Run that gibberish back through the box, using the same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has depended on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and all of the merchandise accumulated here service AES. Even the ones that support other algorithms tend to recommend using AES.

If you are an encryption expert, you may want another algorithm, Blowfish, perhaps, or the Soviet government's GOST. For the average user, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you must keep them secret, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you get two keys. One is public; you can discuss it with anyone, enroll it in an integral exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you prefer. The other is personal, and needs to be carefully guarded. If I want to send you a key document, I simply encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this program in reverse, you can create an electronic signature which proves your document came from you and hasn't been altered. How Just encrypt it with your private key. The fact your public key decrypts it's all of the proof you need. PKI support is less common than service for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to talk about a file with someone and your encryption tool doesn't support PKI, there are different options for sharing. Many products enable creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You could additional hints also find that the recipient can use a free, decryption-only tool.